4.4 alkanes and alkenes

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1.35 understand how to carry out calculations involving gas volumes and the molar volume of gas

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At standard temperature and pressure, one mole of any gas will occupy 24000 cm3; also known as 24dm3. Calculating molar volume from mass Example: 976 cm 3 of oxygen was found to have a mass of 1.3 g Calculate the molar volume of oxygen, under these conditions. Volume = mass x no. of moles Mass of oxygen, O 2 , = 32.0 g. Volume of 1 g = 976 ÷ 1.3 Hence, 32 g = (976 ÷ 1.3) × 32 = 24024 cm 3 Answer: 24.0 is the volume of 32.0 g of O 2 .
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2.20 Oxidization

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Oxidization  Metals and metal oxides  Example  Magnesium + copper oxide --> magnesium oxide + copper Magnesium has been  oxidized to magnesium oxide   Copper has been reduced to copper Copper oxide is the oxidizing agent - it oxidizes but gets reduced in the process Mg is the reducing agent - it reduces the CuO to Cu but gets oxidized in the process e.g. Ca + ZnO --> CaO + Zn
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1.27 know that the mole (mol) is the unit for the amount of a substance

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A mole is that amount of substance that contains 6.02 x 10 23 atoms, molecules etc. This number is known as the Avogadro constant Molar masses A mole of an element will have a mass equal to its Ar but in grams A mole of a compound will have a mass equal to its Mr but in grams Moles tell you how many particles are present, and the ratio of moles tells you the ratio of particles that are represented by an equation.  You can find out how many moles are present by dividing the mass by the Mr: number of moles = mass ÷ Mr                                      
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